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The UNIX operating system was developed by AT&T primarily to provide a means for its personnel to share selected data and programs while keeping other information private.
AT&T provided UNIX to universities throughout the 70s and 80s where it became widely used.
This use carried over to industries and businesses to such a great extent that UNIX has become the de facto standard operating system All operating systems are control programs for computers.
UNIX accomplishes this control in two ways.
First, there is a UNIX shell that acts as a command interpreter which receives commands from the user at the keyboard and initiates the approprate action.
Secondly, there are the elements of the operating system that do the work.
These are files that exist as UNIX commands, and control and organize the computer system resources such as the CPU and printer.